Bipolar disorder can be a challenging condition to understand. As a result, it is often misunderstood and, even more commonly, misdiagnosed. This is because bipolar disorder symptoms can vary significantly from person to person and can look very different from one episode to the next. To help people get a better understanding, this post will discuss everything you need to know about bipolar disorder: what it is, how it is diagnosed, common symptoms, treatment options, and more!
What Is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes extreme swings in mood and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder can have periods of elevated mood, known as mania, followed by periods of depression. These episodes can last for days, weeks, or even months. Bipolar disorder often begins in adolescence or young adulthood and can run in families.
Although there is no cure for bipolar disorder, it can be effectively managed with medication and therapy. With treatment, people with bipolar disorder can live full and productive lives.
How Is Bipolar Disorder Diagnosed?
There are three types of bipolar disorder. Bipolar I is defined by manic episodes that last at least seven days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that hospitalization is necessary. Bipolar II is a pattern of major depressive episodes interspersed with hypomanic episodes. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania. Cyclothymic disorder, or bipolar III, is diagnosed when a person experiences numerous periods of hypomania and depression that do not meet bipolar I or II criteria.
Bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed as depression because depressive symptoms are more prevalent and tend to last longer than periods of mania. As a result, it’s vital to seek professional help if you think you may be experiencing bipolar disorder. A trained mental health professional can conduct a thorough evaluation and make an accurate diagnosis.
Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder
Everybody is different, and that includes how bipolar disorder affects them. Some people have very mild symptoms, while others can be severely impacted. There are four main types of symptoms:
Mania
Mania is a symptom of bipolar disorder that presents itself as an abnormally elevated mood. Although mania can be a positive experience for some people, it can also be debilitating and even dangerous. People in a manic state may behave impulsively, act out sexually, spend excessively, or engage in other risky behaviors.
They may also experience delusions or hallucinations. While the exact cause of mania is unknown, many believe it to be the result of an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. Treatment for mania typically involves medication and therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to prevent harm to oneself or others.
Hypomania
While some people see hypomania as a ‘normal’ or even desirable state, it can actually be a symptom of bipolar disorder. While people with hypomania may feel happy and full of energy, they may also experience irritability, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior. In addition, hypomania can sometimes lead to severe problems such as psychotic episodes, delusions, and paranoia. However, not all people with bipolar disorder will experience hypomania.
Some may only have periods of depression, while others may cycle between depression and mania. The biggest difference between mania and hypomania is that hypomania does not typically cause the same level of impairment as mania. However, if left untreated, it can still lead to serious problems.
